The early development of metallurgy and smelting technologies emerging circa 6,000 BC through the Bronze Age likewise plagued humankind from carbon monoxide exposure. Early humans probably discovered the toxicity of carbon monoxide poisoning upon introducing fire into their dwellings. Humans have maintained a complex relationship with carbon monoxide since first learning to control fire circa 800,000 BC. It is isoelectronic with cyanide anion CN −. In mammalian physiology, carbon monoxide is a classical example of hormesis where low concentrations serve as an endogenous neurotransmitter ( gasotransmitter) and high concentrations are toxic resulting in carbon monoxide poisoning. It is produced by many organisms, including humans. Ĭarbon monoxide has important biological roles across phylogenetic kingdoms. Upon emission into the atmosphere, carbon monoxide affects several processes that contribute to climate change. It is important in the production of many compounds, including drugs, fragrances, and fuels. There are also numerous environmental and biological sources that generate and emit a significant amount of carbon monoxide. The most common source of carbon monoxide is the partial combustion of carbon-containing compounds, when insufficient oxygen or heat is present to produce carbon dioxide.
It is a key ingredient in many processes in industrial chemistry. In coordination complexes the carbon monoxide ligand is called carbonyl. Carbon monoxide consists of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom connected by a triple bond.
Carbon monoxide ( chemical formula CO) is a colorless, poisonous, odorless, tasteless, flammable gas that is slightly less dense than air.
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